Al'adu, Janar labarai Da lbrãhĩm fannonin da bambanta da Chile da sauran latin amirka k'asashe da al'adu, sau a gaban wani irin "lak'abta wa salon" folkloric da labulen, chilenidad, wanda ya zama alamar arki adu bambanci ba, ko da yake tsararrakinka har ma na fannin exogenous tushensu butuce, da Turawa suka zo a k'asar. Wurin sihirinsu,'i na kasar, k'ayyadaddun idodi da bushe-bushe da kullum ya manne wa irin wannan paradigm, amma Chile da ashirin k'arni na 12 an bud'e wa yammacin duniya, ya yarda da shawarwarin da revise da al'adu da samun bayebaye daban-daban, da kama karya ne kawai ya gaggauta, ya ajiye a wasu shekaru, amma ba su delete. A nan ne dai "zama" a farkon shekara dubu biyu, sai ku sanar da labulen scenarios da intellectuals k'asar. Wani abin lura da Chile ne a literary wa faransa rik, wani epic soya k'osai a daga umurninsaa kan wanda Yake so daga bãyinsa k'arni na 12, wadda ta d'auki fasalinsa dukan literary galgajiya diversificatasi k'asa, wanda ya zama, da horo da tsattsauran tsokaci da la'siyasa, ko kuma aka kukkulle gilas na yin ibada vicissitudes da Municipalities: ishe ta tuna da sunayen Neruda mai tasiri, haka kuma Allende L. Sepúlveda ya gane da ingancin sautin Chilean panorama. Da Muhimman jigogin civic, kamar yadda yake ba su yi kusa su fahimci magana ba, har ma a tsakiyar babbar sashen kad'e-kad'e radiyo, dandalin da sinima da kashi na biyu na cħwa Alk'ur k'arni na 12, da na ga sau da yawa cikinsu artists suka matsa bauta. Bayan da aka kama karya da creative cigaba da painters, sculptors, composers, daraktoci, marubuta ya koma had'amarsu ko a kan Muhimman jigogin da ya tashi don ta tokare d'akunan, ba tare da losing pathos da kuma kula da stylistic ma, da Shata aikinsa na ashirin k'arni na 12 ga da aka yi masa a tsakanin Andes da guda biyar daga tsibiran yankin, dandalin da avant-garde da "' " fim", daga na adabi yana k'arami ko baiwa sãta ga amfani da sabon Mediya don installations da ayyukan, wato jikokinku wato Alamar wannan "panta reyi" lalle ne Santiago, crossroads da fulcrum k'asar da architectures daban-daban, museums, sha'anin tarihi, da kyau, ta wurin sihirinsu, da al'adu da sana'Columbian, sumptuous ta Katolika ikilisiyoyi, da kasuwanni na'i na kasar da Paseo Ahumada, taron nan na artists. Warwatse a k'asar akwai dozens da sauran wuraren shafi irin ideally misaltu littafin Hozai da md'd ta a cikin lissafi na duniya gãdon, da sha'anin Rapa Tashar Nui, baya ga sunan tsibirin Easter a shekarar 1995, cikin ikilisiyoyin Chiloé (2000), da harshen cibiyar Valparaíso (1) daga shekarar 2003, Humberstone da Santa Laura Saltpeter aiki (2005, makabarta dokokin da md'd jerin cikin hatsari da Sewell Mining gari (2006). Al'adun al'adun. Da Chilean folklore kurakuran wani misali, dukan singular usages da al'adun differentiated sosai, amma ba a cewar al'adun tun fil azal. Da jama'a da al'adun da tattara costumes na halitta kansu folklore, da taurinkai adawa invadenze masu k'awa adu. Wannan ya faru a mai farin jini sosai, tuni a lokaci na Columbian, sa'ad da mummunan turjewa daga baya ya k'i kowane gudummowa colonizer, sa'an nan a lokacin da yanzu social alharini yana kusan duk sabunta, a kan kwatankwacinsa da iyãlanka autonomy maimaitawar ne. To, amma adu originating fannin sun rasa, babu sauran k'afãfunsa na primitive folklore (Mapuche, Kome rashin gatanchin mache sadakinta siyasar tsirarun mutane, mai yiwuwa ne Chileans precolumbian mafi tsarki, amma ba su iya yin wani dukiyar folkloristic. Akwai dai wani araucana al'adun mutane da kad'an da ta shafa ba ya yi na'am da Chileans. Da chilenidad ya gina, har zuwa hak'ak'k'en folklore, apparently autonomous, amma substantially k'warai a archetype spaniyanci da ayyukansa a wurare daban-daban na duniya da amfani, paradoxically, kamar yadda al'amarin adawa da ispanismo. A sa'an nan kuma chilenidad kiyaye da chilean ba gigice da sauran lardunan da Spaniyanci Bayan mamayen. Saboda haka, to halin da chilean folcloristicamente kuma mik'a misali da wani al'adu a matar da tutur transformation, kullum suna neman sabon ma tsakanin modernity da al'adun mutane. Addini idodi dame kullum alfarma da bambancin da kuma idin S. Sebastiano zuwa Yumbel, da budurwa daga Crisóbal a Santiago, ko kuma da akinta, Guadeloupe, yi Aiquina (a cikin Atacama hamada. Cikinsa da turare yadda gwanayen aikin turare su ma lura a ma'aikaci yin, kaman na 12 Oktoba, da commemorates binciko Colombo, da 18 ga watan Satumba, da celebrates da mulkin kai, da hannuwanku na dama suka mallaka duka da ruhu republican mingles da aukaka na monarchists Yadda kika bi. Wani fanni na singular Chilean folklore ujizoji ne da bushe-bushe ga k'asa, wanda ya tashi daga na derivation Inca ga uwar era al'umman k'asar da wuta, da Fuegini wakilta d'aya daga cikin huskar primitive mafi talauci a duniya, duk da haka yau somewhat authentic al'adun. Da kamar dinki ne daga alfasha utilitarian da muka nemo muka kadan, da adalci da unifom: An hallaka birnin ne huram arewa da launi masks a cibiyar kula da kudu. Da d'aukacin sinadaran a d'akin girki ne kifi, beef, kayan lambu da 'ya'yan itace. Banda tortillas, a cewar hatsi mai laushi, akwai daban-daban da ire-iren abinci tare da nauyi tasoshi kaman wa lalũra ta gasa, ko kuma wani babban steak da soya k'wai da chips (lomo, ashe pobre. D'aya daga cikin sha'anin tasoshi sarkin-gwauro tabbas ne da curanto, cewar d'an rago, alade, beef, dankali, da kifi da seafood. Al'adu, na adabi Da kuma yak'i mai zafi da rantsuwa a kan indomitable Araucani baya da impressions na k'ananan rai shekaru biyu da Muhimman jigogin da literary yake faruwa a kan Chilean'arni na mulkin mallaka. Ke mafi zurfi aikacin da viceroy na Peru Chile, ya yi na'am daga Lima, fiye da daga Madrid, labarin da kuma labulen da reprocess da k'arfi hankali na hukumar kula da gaskiya. "Chile ne na zamani k'asa wadda aka kafa harsashin ginin immortalized da epic poem" ya rubuta A. da kyau, alluding ga Araucana na Ercilla (1533-1594), wani poem zauna a rubuce da chivalrous aukaka da aka yi wa wasu gwarzayen Araucani hasara. Kuma an ba da al'amarin exceptional: a k'wararan misalin Araucana da aka haifa a daban-daban da sauran epic poems, daga Arauco domado (Araucano bi na Pedro de Oña (1570-1643), da farko poem da author Amirka, Purén indómito H. Alvarez de Toledo sec. 60. Daga umurninsaa kan wanda Yake so daga bãyinsa, Las guerras de Chile, bisa ga Ziyara H.de Mendoza. A prose, haka kuma Chilean rashin kiyayewar tunani a cikin littafin tarihi da yawa, wad'anda, alal misali, C. Molina (rantsuwa población y na Peru, a. de Góngora Marmolejo (Historia del Reino de Chile, mai tasiri Mariño, D. Rosales (Historia janar del Reino de Chile, kuma a saman sumul, Histórica relación na Reino de Chile (1646) da mahaifinsa A. de Ovalle 60 1601-1651), da na goma sha takwas da k'arni Jesuits Olivares da Molina nau'i biyu seba a k'asar Italiya da singular Cautiverio feliz F. Núñez de Pineda y Bascuñán (1607-1680, autobiographical gurabbansu sha mai tarin yawa domin descriptive tilasta. Da yake da isasshen epic mawakan da chroniclers, kusan ba kome ba ne da aka sarrafa lyric waka ba, amma wasu ban sha'awa duk mai farin jini satirical waka ba ya fara shahara a cikin wad'anda k'arni na 12, kuma abin da irin wasannin ko sun. A farkon xix k'arni siyasa da shagalin d'ebo birane Tsibin duwatsun yana literary. Wani friar polygraph da progressive, C. Henríquez (1769-1845), ya fara journalism da harkokin siyasa da karin magana, humanist venezolana tushensu, A. Dace (1781-1865, Mawãk'i na classic elegance, grammatico thinker da amfani, ya koya wa al'ummomi, akwai karkata da d'and'anar kwarjini da critical tunani. Misali bak'i ba, har zuwa wani mai arziki da duk baiwar opera era, da kuma an yi shawarwari har kwanaki. S. Sanfuentes (1817-1860, H. Irisarri yin da Milano debut (1819-1886, E. Lillo (1826-1910, G. Matta (1829-1899) da G. Blest Ghana (1829-1904) ne lyrical mafi wakilin Romanticism, a yayin da E. De la Barra (1839-1900) ta kai wani mataki bibbirkita wajen Symbolist Tsibin duwatsun yana. Babu gaza da muhimmanci ne Tsibin duwatsun yana da prose. Riga ta bozzettistica "costumes" daga autobiografismo (Ziyara H. Zapiola, Ziyara H.Ziyara H.Vallejo tsagwaronta Ziyara H. A Lastarría, wani Feresa Rosales, babban matafiyi da descriptor, sunan R. Vial, wadda take d'auke da costumbrismo ko a dandalin tsagwaronta da wasu), an haife ni a k'arshe,' ", na gode wa D. Barros Grez (1834-1904, L. Orrego Luco (1866-1948, A. Díaz Meza (1879-1933, kãfin, sa'an nan ya yi yawa, authentic narrator, A. Blest Ghana (1830-1920), da na diplomasiyya admirer na Balzac, ya yi Chile mafi novels da Mashawarcin k'arni na 12, a lokacin Reconquista, Martín Rivas, littattafan Larabci sun daina trasplantados). Kuma taso da assay da harshen cacar baka da literary da F. Bilbao, M. L. Amunátegui, B. Vicuña Mackenna da Ziyara H.Sunã cħton ku daga Allah Madinar (1852-1920, bibliografo da shaihi amfani. Da modernism mayar da lyric waka ba, da mab'ub'b'ugarsu wonderfully: ba da damar da Chile ya mawakan biyu kyautar nobel: Gabriela Mistral (1889-1957) da Fr. Neruda (1904-1973, ba a san bawanka yekoniya ke bayani kan a 1945 da shekarar 1971, banruwan da ashirin mawakan k'arni na babban muhimmanci kaman mai tasiri de Rokha, wani Huidobro (1893-1948, founder na "creationism", C. Pezoa Véliz (1879-1908, M. Magallanes Moure, S. Lillo, C. Mondaca, M. Jara, H. Diaz Casanueva (1907-1992, Ziyara H.Kwarin, Ziyara H.Barrenechea, arewa maso Parra (n. 1914, M. Arteche, E. Lihn (1929-1988, A. Uribe, Gonzalo Rojas (n. 1917, Jorge Teillier (1935-1996) da yawa wasu samari, tare da mu a lokacin Diego Marqueira (n. 1951 da Raul Zurita (n. Shekara ta 1950. Kuma da muhimmanci da hankalinta wajen' " prose, na gode wa Fr. Prado (1886-1952, B. Lillo (1867-1923, F. Ghana, A. Told Halmar, M. Latorre (1886-1955), da E. Barrios, Ziyara H.Edwards da kyau, Ziyara H.Prieto, M. Rojas (1896-1973), ya amince da yawa kamar novelist mafi girma da innovator na Chilean ashirin k'arni godiya ga wannan aiki kamar yadda Hijo de ladron (1951) da Sombras karya alk'el bango (1964), C. Giaconi, C. Huneeus, Ziyara H.Edwards (n. 1931, kuma Ziyara H.Donoso (1925-1996), mai yiwuwa ne mai kimanta tare. A lokacin da aka ambata da sojoji kama karya (1) 1973-89 ba kad'an marubuta da ya bar k'asar, su zauna a k'asar, da Amurka ko wani wuri. A tsakaninsu José Donoso, wanda ya tattara ta shahara da wasu novels bugawa a k'asar, sa'an nan kuma a k'asar Italiya, inda a daga shekarar 2003 ya sake da ta tsuntsu na dare, El obsceno pájaro De la noche, 1970. Wasu irin yadda mawãk'i da Nikanar Parra da narrator Jorge Edwards, suka koma k'asarsu, a lokacin da suke da kama karya. Amma a gefen chilean waka ba, wanda yake kullum sabo da tsawo da hakanan kamannin al'adun, sun yi headway sabon farko narrators ranging daga in Allende (n. 1942), da novels kaman gidan mabiya (1982), da inuwa (1984), k'asar k'irk'ira (1) daga shekarar 2003 da rsu da (2007), ya sayar da shi a kan mutane miliyan 50 littattafai ko'ina a duniya, da A. Skármeta (n. Zuwa 1940, ku tuna Ardiente Paciencia a shekara ta 1985, wadda aka fim d'in Shiriyar Postino na Neruda, wasan k'wallo (1992), El Baile De la Victoria Island (1) daga shekarar 2003, Diamela Eltit (n. Shekarar 1949, Adolfo Couve (1940-1998, Poli Delano (n. 1936), jarumawa biyu (Dorfman n. 1942), musamman L. Sepúlveda (n. Shekarar 1949), da marubuciya daga k'arfafa siyasa, sarkinsu author da mafi kyau da sayar da tarihi na gull da Mussa Wanda Ya sanar da ta tashi a shekarar 1996, kuma littafin tarihi daga kudancin cone (2007). Ya ambaci ma Marcela Serrano (n. 1951), mai fassara da mace na adabi daga Muhimman jigogin dace, ainun mũmĩni godiya ga ayyuka, mu da muke so da lafiya, hamdala mata bak'in ciki da notebooks da hawaye. Bayan classical' " kyaunsu ya yi jawabi ga aikin A. Jodorowsky (n. 1929), a cikin mai eclectic su kan yadu kwarai, "artists" Chileans cikin kason ashirin k'arni na 12, kamar yadda draftsman, daraktan marubuci na novels, tatsũniyõyi, screenplays, assays. Al'adu, sana' A cikin kwari arewacin Chile sun gano wani necropolis da kagara (impregnable a kusurwoyi uku da su zama sau da al'adun "El maremari", umarnansa, da wani irin ceramics da babban kirtif haske da kwarjini a geometric salon kid. A cikin garuruwa masuganin juna da Atacama hamada, atacameños gina yankunan tsarkakan wurare na biyu lbrãhĩm ire-iren, sa'an nan kuma Pucara kagara a shiyyar hilly, kewaye da katangu pircas kira da Pueblo Viejo, suna yin musũ tsaro garu, Amma wadda ba ta da wani irin labulen, fictile sana'a yana hutawa a Andean influences. Na uku Chilean al'adu, da Diaghiti, ya san sama da urns da kuma kimanta irin tukunyar da takalmi, ya ce jarro zapato, amma ban sha'awa, kuma suna zube a tagulla da na tagulla, sa'an nan, domin Inca k'asaita, aka narke a zinariya da azurfa. A cikin 'yan labarin Chile da alamu na kasancewar wurin sihirinsu na zaci wani harhad'e, a matsayinsa na duka, tun 1970 ya ci gaba da "sana'mai cetona, kuma ga tukin", wanda ya raka ta tashi daga Tsibin duwatsun yana da gwamnatin Unidad mai farin jini da ita kamanninsa jaruntaka adawa da kama karya da kansu. Akwai gurbinsu artists kamar yadda painter da graphic artist José Balmes, samari da 'yan makaranta, tsara "Brigades" sosai a ko'ina a k'asar nan, ya tashi da safe k'aunace su yi fenti mural murals (1), bayyananne. A cikin initiators da surrealist zirga-zirga da expressionist, k'asashen Turai angizo nsu a chilean hume, yana tak'ama a dukan Roberto Matta Echaurren (1911-2002), wadda, da hakki ashirin k'arni na 12 sun bi hali ya gane a hukumar sumul: Pedro Reszka (1872-1960, Camilo Mori (1896-1973), da sculptors Sama'ila Román (1907-1990) da Marta Colvin (1917-1995, Mario Carreño (1913-1999). A cikin salihi ne kuma mafi mũmĩni tuna Gonzalo Diaz (n. 1947, ranging daga photography zuwa installations kaman Ciro Beltran (n. 1965, Rodrigo Cabezas da yawa a madadin da ake kira "zamani na 90."